Hemp Seed Oil


Hemp Seed Oil - Directory & Reference Resources

Hemp oil-From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Hemp oil is from the seed of the hemp plant that contains between 25-35% oil by weight, which is high in essential fatty acids. Cold-pressed, unrefined hemp oil is light green, with a nutty, grassy flavour.

Refined hemp oil is clear with little flavour. It is widely used in body care products, lubricants, paints and industrial uses. Antimicrobial properties make it a useful ingredient for soaps, shampoos and detergents. The oil is of high nutritional value because its 3:1 ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 essential fatty acids matches the balance required by the human body.[1] It has also received attention in recent years as a possible source of biodiesel.[2] There are a number of organisations that promote the production and use of hemp oil.[3]

Hemp oil is deliberately manufactured to contain no significant amounts of THC and is therefore not a psychoactive drug.

 References

^ Hemp Oil. InnVista (November 2005). Retrieved on 2006-11-18.

^ Agua Das (November 16, 1997). Hemp Oil Fuels & How to Make Them. HempFarm.com. Retrieved on 2006-11-18.

^ Hemp Farm. Retrieved on 2006-11-18.

 See also

Cannabis flower essential oil

Hash oil

Vegetable oil

Cannabis (drug)

 See further

Hemp Horizons by John Roulac, Chelsea Green Publishing Company, 1997

  This vegetable oil related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemp_oil"

Hemp-From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about the cultivation and non-drug uses of Cannabis. For the biology of the plant, see Cannabis. For use as a psychoactive drug, see Cannabis (drug). For other senses of the word hemp, see Hemp (disambiguation).

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U.S. 'Marihuana' production permit. In the U.S.A., hemp cultivation is legally prohibited, but during World War II farmers were encouraged to grow hemp for cordage, to replace manila hemp previously obtained from Japanese-controlled areas. The U.S. government produced a film explaining the uses of hemp called Hemp for Victory.Hemp is the common name for plants belonging to the genus Cannabis, although the term is often used to refer only to Cannabis strains cultivated for industrial (non-drug) use. Licenses for hemp cultivation are issued in the European Union and Canada. In the United Kingdom, these licenses are issued by the Home Office under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971. When grown for non-drug purposes hemp is often called industrial hemp, and a common product is fiber for use in a wide variety of products. Feral hemp or ditch weed is usually naturalized fiber or oilseed strains of Cannabis that have escaped from cultivation and are self-seeding.

Cannabis sativa L. subsp. sativa var. sativa is the variety grown for industrial use in Europe, Canada, and elsewhere, while C. sativa subsp. indica generally has poor fiber quality and is primarily used for production of recreational and medicinal drugs. A major difference lies in the amount of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC, secreted in a resinous mixture by epidermal hairs called glandular trichomes; the strains of Cannabis approved for industrial hemp production in Europe and elsewhere produce only minute amounts of this psychoactive drug. Some botanists use a different taxonomic classification to circumscribe the various taxa within the Cannabis genus.

Contents

1 Uses

2 Major hemp producing countries

3 Future of hemp

4 THC in hemp

5 References

6 External links

6.1 General

6.2 Hemp industry

 Uses

An industrial hemp crop growing in Canterbury, New ZealandHemp is used for a wide variety of purposes, including the manufacture of cordage of varying tensile strength, clothing, and nutritional products. The oil from the fruits ("seeds") dries on exposure to air (similar to linseed oil) and is sometimes used in the manufacture of oil-based paints, or for cooking. Hemp seeds are often added to wild bird seed mix. In Europe and China, hemp fibers are increasingly being used to strengthen cement, and in other composite materials for many construction and manufacturing applications. Mercedes-Benz uses a "biocomposite" composed principally of hemp fiber for the manufacture of interior panels in some of its automobiles. Hemp use in the United States is suppressed by laws supported by drug enforcement agencies, for fear that high THC plants will be grown amidst the low THC plants used for hemp production. Efforts are underway to change these laws, allowing American farmers to compete in the growing markets for this crop. As of 2006, China produces roughly 40% of the world's hemp fiber and has been producing much of the world's Cannabis crop throughout much of history.[1] Jack Herer, in the book "The Emperor Wears No Clothes" summarized the findings of Bulletion No. 404:[2] over 10,000 years old. These ancient Asians also used the same fibres to make clothes, shoes, ropes, and an early form of paper.

Hemp cloth was more common than linen until the mid 14th century[citation needed]. The use of hemp as a cloth was centered largely in the countryside, with higher quality textiles being available in the towns. Virtually every small town had access to a hemp field[citation needed] .

In late medieval Germany and Italy hemp was employed in cooked dishes, as filing in pies and tortes, or boiled in a soup.[3]

Thomas Jefferson drafted the United States Declaration of Independence on hemp paper.[4]

In the Napoleonic era, many military uniforms were made of hemp[citation needed] . While hemp linens were coarser than those made of flax, the added strength and durability of hemp, as well as the lower cost, meant that hemp uniforms were preferred.

Hemp was used extensively by the United States during WWII. Uniforms, canvas, and rope were among the main textiles created from the hemp plant at this time. Much of the hemp used was planted in the Midwest and Kentucky. Historically, hemp production made up a significant portion of Kentucky's economy and many slave plantations located there focused on producing hemp.[citation needed]

By the early twentieth century, the advent of the steam engine and the diesel engine ended the reign of the sailing ship. The advent of iron and steel for cable and ship's hulls further eliminated natural fibers in marine use. The invention of artificial fibers in the late thirties by DuPont further put strain on the market. It is reported that DuPont lobbied the government to make Cannabis a Class 1 drug, a narcotic, in order to vilify by association hemp, and effect the transfer to polyester ropes.[citation needed]

 Major hemp producing countries

Typical Japanese Shinto shrine with paper streamers & rope made out of unprocessed hemp fibre.

From the 1950s to the 1980s the Soviet Union was the world's largest producer (3,000 km² in 1970). The main production areas were in Ukraine, the Kursk and Orel regions of Russia, and near the Polish border.

Other important producing countries were China, North Korea, Hungary, the former Yugoslavia, Romania, Poland, France and Italy.

In Japan hemp was historically used as paper and a fiber crop, it was restricted as a narcotic drug in 1948. The ban on marijuana imposed by the U.S. authorities was alien to Japanese culture. Until the U.S. forces ban, cannabis had been freely used in Japan for over 10,000 years. There is archaeological evidence which shows cannabis was used for clothing material and the seeds were eaten in Japan right back to the Jomon Era (10,000 to 300 BC). Many Kimono designs portray hemp (Japanese : " Asa ") as a beautiful plant.

Canada, the United Kingdom, and Germany all resumed commercial production in the 1990s. British production is mostly used as bedding for horses; other uses are under development. The largest outlet for German fibre is composite automotive panels. Companies in Canada, UK, USA and Germany among many others are processing hemp seed into a growing range of food products and cosmetics; many traditional growing countries still continue with textile grade fibre production. However, hemp is illegal to freely grow in the US because the plant is related to marijuana. The US is the only industrialized country where hemp is illegal to grow.

 Future of hemp

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In the last decade hemp has been widely promoted as a crop for the future. This is stimulated by new technologies which make hemp suitable for industrial paper manufacturing, use as a renewable energy source (biofuel), and the use of hemp derivatives as replacement for petrochemical products.

Hemp showed great promise as an industrial and agricultural crop until 1937, when the Marihuana Tax Act and succeeding laws to bar the use of cannabis, made hemp production and possession illegal. In the past decade there has been a push for legislation in order to reschedule hemp as an industrial crop rather than a narcotic. The small size of the industry keeps prices high, but increased production could match or exceed production of competing industrial crops. Industrial hemp may be very viable, though this is dependent on the political climate.

Hemp Plastic is a new technology based on 20-100% hemp fibre based plastics that can be moulded or injection moulded. The use of fibre reinforced composites and other natural plastics are expected to become more popular as oil prices rise and the world becomes more environmentally aware.

The increased demand for health food has stimulated the trade in shelled hemp seed, hemp protein powder and hemp oil as well as finished and ready-to-eat food products using these derivatives as ingredients. Hemp oil is increasingly being used in the manufacturing of bodycare products.

 THC in hemp

Hemp contains delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which is the psychoactive ingredient found in hashish and marijuana. The THC levels in hemp are minute and have very little intoxicating effects. THC is present in all Cannabis plant varieties to some extent. In varieties grown for use as a drug, where males are removed in order to prevent fertilization, THC levels can reach as high as 20-30% in the unfertilized females which are given ample room to flower.

In hemp varieties grown for seed or fibre use, the plants are grown very closely together and a very dense biomass product is obtained, rich in oil from the seeds and fibre from the stalks and low in THC content. EU and Canadian regulations limit THC content to 0.3% in industrial hemp.

On October 9, 2001, the US Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) ruled that even traces of THC in products intended for food use would be illegal as of February 6, 2002. This Interpretive Rule would have ruled out the production or use of hempseed or hempseed oil in food use in the USA, but after the Hemp Industries Association (HIA) filed suit the rule was stayed by the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit on March 7, 2002. On March 21, 2003, the DEA issued a nearly identical Final Rule which was also stayed by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals on April 16, 2003. On February 6, 2004 the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals issued a unanimous decision in favor of the HIA in which Judge Betty Fletcher wrote, "[T]hey (DEA) cannot regulate naturally-occurring THC not contained within or derived from marijuana-i.e. non-psychoactive hemp is not included in Schedule I. The DEA has no authority to regulate drugs that are not scheduled, and it has not followed procedures required to schedule a substance. The DEA's definition of "THC" contravenes the unambiguously expressed intent of Congress in the Controlled Substances Act (CSA) and cannot be upheld". On September 28, 2004 the HIA claimed victory after DEA declined to appeal to the Supreme Court of the United States the ruling from the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals protecting the sale of hemp-containing foods. Industrial hemp remains legal for import and sale in the U.S., but U.S. farmers still are not permitted to grow it.

Strong opposition to such trace amounts of THC, a chemical shown by almost all scientific research to be less addictive or harmful than legal nicotine or alcohol[citation needed], leads some of its critics, like Jack Herer in The Emperor Wears No Clothes, to charge ulterior motives such as protection of the synthetic-fibre, wood pulp, petrochemical, and pharmochemical industries. The US government's position has not been completely constant, as shown by the wide-spread cultivation of industrial hemp in Kentucky and Wisconsin during World War II.[5] Critics of the HIA, however, argue that the necessities of the war and the unavailability of adequate synthetic substitutes outweighed the social, health, and public safety risks of producing hemp.

The presence of (some) THC in hemp varieties and the fear that THC could be extracted from industrial hemp for illegal purposes has hampered the development of hemp in many countries. Since the early 1990s, however, many countries, including Canada, Australia, the UK, The Netherlands and Germany, allow hemp plantings and commercial scale production. Plant breeders are working on the development of new varieties which are low in THC.

 References

Look up hemp in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

 External links

 General

2 Nature - Organic Hemp Seed Oil Body Care Products

www.yaoh.co.uk - Hemp food, protein powder and bodycare plus more useful information.

[1]

Essential oil of Cannabis sativa L. strains, by Vito Mediavilla and Simon Steinemann

Plant Cultures: hemp botany, history, uses

Read Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports regarding Hemp as an Agricultural Commodity

The Emperor Wears No Clothes

Hemp For Victory American Department of Agriculture video

The Human Exchange Musical Programs (The H.E.M.P.)

State Taxation of Harvested Marijuana Exhibit

 Hemp industry

(INEEDHEMP)Divine Tribe

Hemp Industries Association

The Hemp Report (subscription)

IndustrialHemp.net

Canadian Hemp Trade Alliance

International Hemp Association

North American Industrial Hemp Council

Open Directory Project - Business/Agriculture and Forestry/Industrial Hemp

Industrial Hemp Directory

National Non Food Crop Centre

Hemp For Victory Blog

[2]Minawear Hemp Clothing

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemp"

Categories: Articles lacking sources from March 2007 | All articles lacking sources | Articles with unsourced statements since March 2007 | All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements since February 2007 | Cleanup from March 2007 | All pages needing cleanup | Biofuels | Cannabis | Fiber plants | Fibers

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